While Loops, Counters, and Accumulators

As mentioned, with a "while" loop, we can execute a statement of code over and over as long as some condition is true.

It is possible to set up an infinite loop, although this will never stop and is problematic in practice:

while True: # INFINITE LOOP (PROBLEMATIC)
    print("-------")
    print("Hello")

For this reason, we can use a condition to tell the loop when to stop. Often this is used in conjunction with a counter variable:

print("TOP")

counter = 0
while counter < 5: # CONDITION
    print("-------")
    print(counter, "Hello")
    counter += 1 # INCREMENT THE COUNTER

print("BOTTOM")

TOP
-------
0 Hello
-------
1 Hello
-------
2 Hello
-------
3 Hello
-------
4 Hello
BOTTOM

We can alternatively use control statements like break (to break out of the loop), and continue (to go to the next iteration of the loop):

print("TOP")

counter = 0
while True: # RETURN OF THE INFINITE LOOP
    print("-------")
    print(counter, "Hello")
    counter += 1 # INCREMENT THE COUNTER

    if counter >= 5:
        break # BUT WHEN THIS CONDITION IS REACHED WE STOP

print("BOTTOM")

TOP
-------
0 Hello
-------
1 Hello
-------
2 Hello
-------
3 Hello
-------
4 Hello
BOTTOM